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<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>2. The GNU Free Documentation License</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="vg_basic.css"> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Valgrind Documentation"> <link rel="up" href="licenses.html" title="GNU Licenses"> <link rel="prev" href="license.gpl.html" title="1. The GNU General Public License"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <div><table class="nav" width="100%" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3" border="0" summary="Navigation header"><tr> <td width="22px" align="center" valign="middle"><a accesskey="p" href="license.gpl.html"><img src="images/prev.png" width="18" height="21" border="0" alt="Prev"></a></td> <td width="25px" align="center" valign="middle"><a accesskey="u" href="licenses.html"><img src="images/up.png" width="21" height="18" border="0" alt="Up"></a></td> <td width="31px" align="center" valign="middle"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="images/home.png" width="27" height="20" border="0" alt="Up"></a></td> <th align="center" valign="middle">GNU Licenses</th> <td width="22px" align="center" valign="middle"></td> </tr></table></div> <div class="chapter"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"> <a name="license.gfdl"></a>2. The GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div></div></div> <div class="literallayout"><p><br> GNU Free Documentation License<br> Version 1.2, November 2002<br> <br> <br> Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br> 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA<br> Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies<br> of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.<br> <br> <br> 0. PREAMBLE<br> <br> The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other<br> functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to<br> assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,<br> with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.<br> Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way<br> to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible<br> for modifications made by others.<br> <br> This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative<br> works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It<br> complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft<br> license designed for free software.<br> <br> We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free<br> software, because free software needs free documentation: a free<br> program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the<br> software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;<br> it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or<br> whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License<br> principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.<br> <br> <br> 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS<br> <br> This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that<br> contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be<br> distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a<br> world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that<br> work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,<br> refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a<br> licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you<br> copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission<br> under copyright law.<br> <br> A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the<br> Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with<br> modifications and/or translated into another language.<br> <br> A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of<br> the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the<br> publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject<br> (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly<br> within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a<br> textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any<br> mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical<br> connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,<br> commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding<br> them.<br> <br> The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles<br> are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice<br> that says that the Document is released under this License. If a<br> section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not<br> allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero<br> Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant<br> Sections then there are none.<br> <br> The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,<br> as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that<br> the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may<br> be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.<br> <br> A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,<br> represented in a format whose specification is available to the<br> general public, that is suitable for revising the document<br> straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of<br> pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available<br> drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or<br> for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input<br> to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file<br> format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart<br> or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.<br> An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount<br> of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".<br> <br> Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain<br> ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML<br> or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple<br> HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of<br> transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats<br> include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by<br> proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or<br> processing tools are not generally available, and the<br> machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word<br> processors for output purposes only.<br> <br> The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,<br> plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material<br> this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in<br> formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means<br> the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,<br> preceding the beginning of the body of the text.<br> <br> A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose<br> title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following<br> text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a<br> specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",<br> "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"<br> of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a<br> section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.<br> <br> The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which<br> states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty<br> Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this<br> License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other<br> implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has<br> no effect on the meaning of this License.<br> <br> <br> 2. VERBATIM COPYING<br> <br> You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either<br> commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the<br> copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies<br> to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other<br> conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use<br> technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further<br> copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept<br> compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough<br> number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.<br> <br> You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and<br> you may publicly display copies.<br> <br> <br> 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY<br> <br> If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have<br> printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the<br> Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the<br> copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover<br> Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on<br> the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify<br> you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present<br> the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and<br> visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.<br> Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve<br> the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated<br> as verbatim copying in other respects.<br> <br> If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit<br> legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit<br> reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent<br> pages.<br> <br> If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering<br> more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent<br> copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy<br> a computer-network location from which the general network-using<br> public has access to download using public-standard network protocols<br> a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.<br> If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,<br> when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure<br> that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated<br> location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an<br> Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that<br> edition to the public.<br> <br> It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the<br> Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give<br> them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.<br> <br> <br> 4. MODIFICATIONS<br> <br> You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under<br> the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release<br> the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified<br> Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution<br> and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy<br> of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:<br> <br> A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct<br> from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions<br> (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section<br> of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version<br> if the original publisher of that version gives permission.<br> B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities<br> responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified<br> Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the<br> Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),<br> unless they release you from this requirement.<br> C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the<br> Modified Version, as the publisher.<br> D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.<br> E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications<br> adjacent to the other copyright notices.<br> F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice<br> giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the<br> terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.<br> G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections<br> and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.<br> H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.<br> I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add<br> to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and<br> publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If<br> there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one<br> stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as<br> given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified<br> Version as stated in the previous sentence.<br> J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for<br> public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise<br> the network locations given in the Document for previous versions<br> it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.<br> You may omit a network location for a work that was published at<br> least four years before the Document itself, or if the original<br> publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.<br> K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",<br> Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all<br> the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements<br> and/or dedications given therein.<br> L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,<br> unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers<br> or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.<br> M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section<br> may not be included in the Modified Version.<br> N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"<br> or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.<br> O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.<br> <br> If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or<br> appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material<br> copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all<br> of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the<br> list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.<br> These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.<br> <br> You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains<br> nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various<br> parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has<br> been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a<br> standard.<br> <br> You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a<br> passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list<br> of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of<br> Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or<br> through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already<br> includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or<br> by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,<br> you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit<br> permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.<br> <br> The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License<br> give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or<br> imply endorsement of any Modified Version.<br> <br> <br> 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS<br> <br> You may combine the Document with other documents released under this<br> License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified<br> versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the<br> Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and<br> list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its<br> license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.<br> <br> The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and<br> multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single<br> copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but<br> different contents, make the title of each such section unique by<br> adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original<br> author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.<br> Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of<br> Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.<br> <br> In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"<br> in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled<br> "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",<br> and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections<br> Entitled "Endorsements".<br> <br> <br> 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS<br> <br> You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents<br> released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this<br> License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in<br> the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for<br> verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.<br> <br> You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute<br> it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this<br> License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all<br> other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.<br> <br> <br> 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS<br> <br> A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate<br> and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or<br> distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright<br> resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights<br> of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.<br> When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not<br> apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves<br> derivative works of the Document.<br> <br> If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these<br> copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of<br> the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on<br> covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the<br> electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.<br> Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole<br> aggregate.<br> <br> <br> 8. TRANSLATION<br> <br> Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may<br> distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.<br> Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special<br> permission from their copyright holders, but you may include<br> translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the<br> original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a<br> translation of this License, and all the license notices in the<br> Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include<br> the original English version of this License and the original versions<br> of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between<br> the translation and the original version of this License or a notice<br> or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.<br> <br> If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",<br> "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve<br> its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual<br> title.<br> <br> <br> 9. TERMINATION<br> <br> You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except<br> as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to<br> copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will<br> automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,<br> parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this<br> License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such<br> parties remain in full compliance.<br> <br> <br> 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE<br> <br> The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions<br> of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new<br> versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may<br> differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See<br> http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.<br> <br> Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.<br> If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this<br> License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of<br> following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or<br> of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the<br> Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version<br> number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not<br> as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.<br> <br> <br> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents<br> <br> To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of<br> the License in the document and put the following copyright and<br> license notices just after the title page:<br> <br> Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.<br> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document<br> under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2<br> or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;<br> with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.<br> A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU<br> Free Documentation License".<br> <br> If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,<br> replace the "with...Texts." line with this:<br> <br> with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the<br> Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.<br> <br> If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other<br> combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the<br> situation.<br> <br> If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we<br> recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of<br> free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,<br> to permit their use in free software.<br> <br> </p></div> </div> <div> <br><table class="nav" width="100%" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="2" border="0" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td rowspan="2" width="40%" align="left"> <a accesskey="p" href="license.gpl.html"><< 1. 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